Dickens, Charles 1812 1870 en 45 241970 Charles John Huffam Dickens pen-name "Boz", was the foremost English novelist of the Victorian era, as well as a vigorous social campaigner. Considered one of the English language's greatest writers, he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters, and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. Later critics, beginning with George Gissing and G. K. Chesterton, championed his mastery of prose, his endless invention of memorable characters and his powerful social sensibilities. Yet he has also received criticism from writers such as George Henry Lewes, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf, who list sentimentality, implausible occurrence and grotesque characters as faults in his oeuvre. The popularity of Dickens' novels and short stories has meant that none have ever gone out of print. Dickens wrote serialised novels, which was the usual format for fiction at the time, and each new part of his stories would be eagerly anticipated by the reading public. Source: Wikipedia Goncharov, Ivan Aleksandrovich 1812 1891 ru 2 9766 Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (June 18, 1812 – September 27, 1891; June 6, 1812 – September 15, 1891, O.S.) was a Russian novelist best known as the author of Oblomov (1859). He was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk); his father was a wealthy grain merchant. After graduating from Moscow University in 1834 Goncharov served for thirty years as a minor government official. In 1847, Goncharov's first novel, Obyknovennaia (usually translated into English as A Common Story), was published; it dealt with the conflicts between the decadent Russian nobility and the newly-profitable commercial class. It was followed by Ivan Savvich Podzhabrin (1848), a naturalist psychological sketch. Between 1852 and 1855 Goncharov voyaged to England, Africa, Japan, and back to Russia via Siberia as the secretary of Admiral Putyatin. His travelogue, a chronicle of the trip, The Frigate Pallada (The Frigate Pallas), was published in 1858 ("Pallada" is the Russian spelling of "Pallas"). His wildly successful novel Oblomov was published the following year and the main character was compared to Shakespeare's Hamlet who answers "No!" to the question "To be or not to be?". Fyodor Dostoyevsky, among others, considered Goncharov as a noteworthy author of high stature. In 1867 Goncharov retired from his post as a government censor and then published his last novel; Obryv (in English The Precipice) (1869) is the story of a romantic rivalry among three men. Goncharov also wrote short stories, critiques, essays and memoirs that were only published posthumously in 1919. He spent the rest of his days travelling in lonely and bitter recriminations because of the negative criticism some of his work received, which was at least partly well deserved. Goncharov never married. He died in St. Petersburg. Source: Wikipedia Auerbach, Berthold 1812 1882 de 1 453 Berthold Auerbach (February 28, 1812 – February 8, 1882) was a German-Jewish poet and author. Moses (Moyses) Baruch Auerbach was born in Nordstetten (now Horb am Neckar) in the Kingdom of Württemberg. On the completion of his studies at the universities of Tübingen, Munich and Heidelberg, he immediately devoted himself to literature. His first publication dealt with "Judaism and Recent Literature", and was to be followed by a series of novels taken from Jewish history. Of this intended series he actually published, with considerable success, "Spinoza" and "Poet and Merchant." But real fame and popularity came to him when he began to occupy himself with the life of the general people which forms the subject of his best-known works. In these later books, of which "On the Height" is perhaps the most characteristic and certainly the most famous, he revealed an unrivalled insight into the soul of the Southern German country folk, and especially of the peasants of the Black Forest and the Bavarian Alps. His descriptions are remarkable for their fresh realism, graceful style and humour. In addition to these qualities, his last books are marked by great subtlety of psychological analysis. "On the Height" was first published at Stuttgart in 1861, and has been translated into several languages. Auerbach died at Cannes shortly before his 70th birthday. Source: Wikipedia Nyon, Eugène 1812 1870 fr 1 180 Eugène Nyon est un vaudevilliste et romancier français, auteur notamment de romans historiques et de récits didactiques destinés à la jeunesse. Son récit le plus connu est «Le Colon de Mettray», qui a pour cadre la colonie pénitentiaire de Mettray. Eugène Nyon a également collaboré à plusieurs revues, dont la «Revue pour tous», sous le nom d'Amédée Achard, et le «Messager des dames et des demoiselles», auquel il contribuait des chroniques parisiennes sous le nom de comtesse de Sabran et dont il fut un temps directeur. Dans le domaine théâtral, son plus illustre collaborateur fut Eugène Labiche. (Wikipedia) Clark, Thomas M. 1812 1903 en 1 118