Leroux, Gaston 1868 1927 fr 5 45524 Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (6 May 1868, Paris, France – 15 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction. In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, 1910), which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, such as the 1925 film starring Lon Chaney; and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical. It was also the basis of the 1990 novel Phantom by Susan Kay. Leroux went to school in Normandy and studied law in Paris, graduating in 1889. He inherited millions of francs and lived wildly until he nearly reached bankruptcy. Then in 1890, he began working as a court reporter and theater critic for L'Écho de Paris. His most important journalism came when he began working as an international correspondent for the Paris newspaper Le Matin. In 1905 he was present at and covered the Russian Revolution. Another case he was present at involved the investigation and deep coverage of an opera house in Paris, later to become a ballet house. The basement consisted of a cell that held prisoners in the Paris Commune, which were the rulers of Paris through much of the Franco-Prussian war. He suddenly left journalism in 1907, and began writing fiction. In 1909, he and Arthur Bernède formed their own film company, Société des Cinéromans to simultaneously publish novels and turn them into films. He first wrote a mystery novel entitled Le mystère de la chambre jaune (1908; The Mystery of the Yellow Room), starring the amateur detective Joseph Rouletabille. Leroux's contribution to French detective fiction is considered a parallel to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's in the United Kingdom and Edgar Allan Poe's in America. Leroux died in Nice on April 15, 1927, of a urinary tract infection. Gorky, Maxim 1868 1936 ru 6 5519 Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov (March 28 [O.S. March 16] 1868 – June 18, 1936), better known as Maxim Gorky, was a Russian/Soviet author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929 he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union he accepted the cultural policies of the time, although he was not permitted to leave the country. Bramah Smith, Ernest 1868 1942 en 4 4353 Ernest Bramah (20 March 1868 - 27 June 1942), whose real name was Ernest Bramah Smith, was an English author. In total Bramah published 21 books and numerous short stories and features. His humorous works were ranked with Jerome K Jerome, and W.W. Jacobs; his detective stories with Conan Doyle; his politico-science fiction with H.G. Wells and his supernatural stories with Algernon Blackwood. George Orwell acknowledged that Bramah’s book What Might Have Been influenced his Nineteen Eighty-Four. He created the characters Kai Lung and Max Carrados. Bramah was a recluse who refused to allow his public even the slightest glimpse of his private life – secrecy perhaps only matched by E.W. Hornung, the creator of Raffles, and today, J.D. Salinger. Rostand, Edmond 1868 1918 fr 1 3864 Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand, né le 1er avril 1868 à Marseille, mort le 2 décembre 1918 à Paris, est un auteur dramatique français. Edmond Rostand est le père du fameux biologiste Jean Rostand. Arrière petit-fils d'un maire de Marseille Alexis-Joseph Rostand (1769-1854), Edmond Rostand naît dans une famille aisée de Marseille, fils de l'économiste Eugène Rostand. En 1880, son père, craignant les désordres de la Commune, amène toute sa famille, Edmond, sa mère et ses deux cousines dans la station thermale en vogue de Luchon. Hébergés d'abord dans le "chalet Spont", puis dans la "villa Devalz", ils font ensuite édifier la "villa Julia", à proximité du Casino. Edmond Rostand passe plus de vingt-deux étés à Luchon, qui lui inspire ses premières œuvres. Il y écrit notamment une pièce de théâtre en 1888, Le Gant rouge, et surtout un volume de poésie en 1890, Les Musardises. Il poursuit ses études de droit à Paris, où il s'était inscrit au Barreau sans y exercer et, après avoir un temps pensé à la diplomatie, il décide de se consacrer à la poésie. En 1888, avec son ami Froyez, journaliste parisien, il se rend au champ de course de Moustajon : et de décorer leur équipage d'une abondance de fleurs des champs. Ils font sensation devant un établissement à la mode, le café Arnative, et improvisent en terrasse une joyeuse bataille de fleurs avec leurs amis. C'est ainsi que naquit le premier "Corso fleuri", ayant traditionnellement lieu le dernier dimanche d'août à Luchon, et où le gagnant se voyait remettre une bannière. Dans le train pour Montréjeau, son père fait la rencontre de Madame Lee et de sa fille Rosemonde Gérard, et les invite à prendre le thé à la villa Julia. Edmond se marie le 8 avril 1890 avec cette dernière, poétesse elle aussi, dont Leconte de Lisle était le parrain, et Alexandre Dumas le tuteur. Rosemonde et Edmond Rostand auront deux fils, Maurice, né en 1891, et Jean, né en 1894. Edmond quitte Rosemonde en 1915 pour son dernier amour, l'actrice Mary Marquet. Edmond Rostand obtient son premier succès en 1894 avec Les Romanesques, pièce en vers présentée à la Comédie-Française. Dans les années 1910, il collabore à La Bonne Chanson, Revue du foyer, littéraire et musicale, dirigée par Théodore Botrel. Après l'insuccès critique de Chantecler, Rostand ne fait plus jouer de nouvelles pièces. À partir de 1914, il s'implique fortement dans le soutien aux soldats français. Il meurt à Paris, le 2 décembre 1918, d'une grippe espagnole, peut-être contractée pendant les répétitions d'une reprise de L'Aiglon. Meyrink, Gustav 1868 1932 de 1 3135 Gustav Meyrink (January 19, 1868 – December 4, 1932) was an Austrian author, storyteller, dramatist, translator, banker and Buddhist, most famous for his novel The Golem. White, Grace Miller 1868 1957 en 3 1755 Grace Miller White (1868–1957) was an American authoress. Born born Mary Esther Miller, she was born and lived her whole life in Ithaca, New York. She adopted the name Grace around 1897, in memory of a younger sister who had died before reaching her first birthday. She married twice, first to Homer White, and then to Friend H. Miller. She began her writing career novelizing plays, before turning her hand to novels in 1909. Several of her books were adapted for the big screen, most notably Tess of the Storm Country, which has been filmed on four separate occasions between 1914 and 1960.