Melville, Herman 1819 1891 en 4 92982 Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. His earliest novels were bestsellers, but his popularity declined later in his life. By the time of his death he had virtually been forgotten, but his longest novel, Moby-Dick — largely considered a failure during his lifetime, and responsible for Melville's drop in popularity — was rediscovered in the 20th century as a literary masterpiece. Source: Wikipedia Goncharov, Ivan Aleksandrovich 1812 1891 ru 2 9759 Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (June 18, 1812 – September 27, 1891; June 6, 1812 – September 15, 1891, O.S.) was a Russian novelist best known as the author of Oblomov (1859). He was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk); his father was a wealthy grain merchant. After graduating from Moscow University in 1834 Goncharov served for thirty years as a minor government official. In 1847, Goncharov's first novel, Obyknovennaia (usually translated into English as A Common Story), was published; it dealt with the conflicts between the decadent Russian nobility and the newly-profitable commercial class. It was followed by Ivan Savvich Podzhabrin (1848), a naturalist psychological sketch. Between 1852 and 1855 Goncharov voyaged to England, Africa, Japan, and back to Russia via Siberia as the secretary of Admiral Putyatin. His travelogue, a chronicle of the trip, The Frigate Pallada (The Frigate Pallas), was published in 1858 ("Pallada" is the Russian spelling of "Pallas"). His wildly successful novel Oblomov was published the following year and the main character was compared to Shakespeare's Hamlet who answers "No!" to the question "To be or not to be?". Fyodor Dostoyevsky, among others, considered Goncharov as a noteworthy author of high stature. In 1867 Goncharov retired from his post as a government censor and then published his last novel; Obryv (in English The Precipice) (1869) is the story of a romantic rivalry among three men. Goncharov also wrote short stories, critiques, essays and memoirs that were only published posthumously in 1919. He spent the rest of his days travelling in lonely and bitter recriminations because of the negative criticism some of his work received, which was at least partly well deserved. Goncharov never married. He died in St. Petersburg. Source: Wikipedia Neruda, Jan 1834 1891 cs 1 2698 Jan Nepomuk Neruda (July 9, 1834 – August 22, 1891) was a Czech journalist, writer and poet, one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of "the May school". Jan Neruda was born in Prague, Bohemia, son of a small grocer who lived in the Malá Strana (Lesser Quarter) district of Prague. After studying philosophy and philology, he worked as a teacher until 1860, when he became a freelance journalist and writer. Neruda never married but had a close relationship to the writer Karolína Světlá. In his work Neruda promoted the idea of rebirth of Czech patriotism. He participated in all the central cultural and political struggles of his generation, and gained a reputation as a sensitive critic. Neruda became, with Vítězslav Hálek, the most prominent representative of the new literary trends. Neruda was known for his satirical depiction of the petty bourgeois of Prague. His most popular prose work is "Povídky malostranské" (1877, Tales of the Little Quarter), a collection of short stories, which was translated into English in 1957 by the novelist and mystery writer Ellis Peters. Neruda's stories take the reader to the Lesser Quarter, to its streets and yards, shops, churches, houses, and restaurants. He died in 1891 and was interred in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague. After his death, one of the streets in Little Quarter (Ostruhová Street well known from his books), now Nerudova ulice (Neruda Street), was named after him. The Chilean poet Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (Pablo Neruda), Nobel Prize in Literature 1971, took his pseudonym after Jan Neruda. Chodźko, Aleksander 1804 1891 pl 1 2326 Aleksander Borejko Chodźko (August 30, 1804 – December 27, 1891) was a Polish poet, Slavist, and Iranologist. He was born in Krzywicze in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and attended the University of Vilnius (member of the Filaret Association) and the Institute of Oriental Studies that was attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affaires of the Russian Empire in Saint-Petersburg. From 1830 until 1844, he worked as a Russian diplomat in Iran. From 1852 until 1855, he worked for Ministry of Foreign Affaires of the France. From 1857 until 1883 he succeeded Adam Mickiewicz in the chair of Slavic languages and literatures in the Collège de France. He was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the Société de linguistique de Paris. Rimbaud, Arthur 1854 1891 fr 0 948 Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (October 20, 1854 – November 10, 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville. His influence on modern literature, music and art has been pervasive. Source: Wikipedia Hill, Thomas 1818 1891 en 1 851 Balch, Frederic Homer 1861 1891 en 1 684